Poverty, Deprivation, and Social Exclusion as Source of Violent Conflict: Case Study of West Papua Post-New Order Era
Abstract
Abstrak
Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai kompleksitas hubungan antara kemiskinan dan konflik kekerasan. Konflik kekerasan selalu mengakibatkan kerugian dalam hal nyawa manusia, ekonomi dan kehidupan social, dan juga merupakan sumber utama dari kemiskinan dan keterbelakangan pembangunan. Tulisan ini juga membahas tentang keterkaitan antara keterbatasan sumber daya, keterkucilan dalam kehidupan social dan kemiskinan akan meningkatkan rasa ketidaksetaraan yang dapat menimbulkan kekerasan. Kemiskinan membuat suatu masyarakat menjadi lebih rentan terhadap provokasi-provokasi untuk melakukan tindak kekerasan; kerentanan ini disebabkan oleh rasa ketidakadilan dan bahwa kekerasan dapat memberikan solusi yang lebih terhadap permasalahan yang ada. Tulisan ini mengambil contoh kasus di Papua Barat dimana kondisi kemiskinan dan keterkucilan social saling berkaitan. Dan dalam konflik ini dapat terlihat bahwa kekerasan struktural dapat menghasilkan dan melanggengkan kemiskinan.
Kata kunci: Deprivasi, Kemiskinan, Keterkucilan Sosial, Konflik Kekerasan, Papua.
Abstract
This article discuses about the complexity of causal relation between poverty and violent conflict. Violent conflicts have huge human, economic, and social costs and are a major cause of poverty and underdevelopment. The article suggests that the coupling between deprivation, social exclusion and poverty increases the significance of inequality and may contribute to violence. Poverty conditions make the victims more vulnerable to being provoked into committing violent actions; this vulnerability is due to the grievance of deprivation and the incentives that the violence offers given the misery of the present condition. This paper takes the West Papua conflict as an example in which the conditions of poverty and social exclusion are entrenched. The violent conflict in West Papua, Indonesia has shown the pattern that structural violence can produce and sustain poverty.
Keywords: Deprivation, Papua, Poverty, Social Exclusion, Violent Conflict
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52447/gij.v4i1.1659
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