Strategi Diversifikasi Energi Uni Eropa Pasca Krisis Ukraina melalui REPowerEU

Yanuar Rahmadan, Faurezi Samudra, Farid Ramadhony

Abstract


Eskalasi konflik Rusia-Ukraina pada Februari 2022 telah memicu krisis di Kawasan Eropa, termasuk mengancam keamanan energi negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa yang telah lama bergantung pada pasokan energi dari luar kawasan Eropa. Sebagai respon atas eskalasi konflik tersebut, Uni Eropa mengeluarkan paket kebijakan REPowerEU untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil dari Rusia serta untuk memperkuat ketahanan energi kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas strategi diversifikasi energi Uni Eropa melalui paket kebijakan REPowerEU hingga tahun 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan kerangka perspektif neorealisme dan konsep keamanan energi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Uni Eropa berhasil mengurangi ketergantungannya pada energi fosil dari Rusia melalui diversifikasi impor energi, terutama liquefied natural gas (LNG) dari Amerika Serikat dan melalui upaya percepatan transisi energi terbarukan. Meskipun demikian, kondisi ini turut menciptakan bentuk ketergantungan dan resiko baru, seperti volatilitas pasar LNG global, peningkatan biaya energi industri, ketergantungan terhadap teknologi energi bersih pada Tiongkok, serta munculnya potensi meningkatnya anggaran melalui paket kebijakan ReArm Europe.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52447/gij.v11i1.9348

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