Analisis Kepentingan Nasional Turki Dalam Rekonstruksi Keamanan Suriah Pasca Runtuhnya Rezim Bashar Al-Assad

Ganjar Widhiyoga, Fiona Vondra Ardan Hamingtri

Abstract


Runtuhnya rezim Bashar al-Assad pada Desember 2024 mengubah lanskap keamanan Suriah dan membuka ruang baru bagi keterlibatan aktor regional, terutama Turki. Artikel ini menganalisis kepentingan nasional Turki dalam rekonstruksi keamanan Suriah pasca-Assad. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, artikel ini memanfaatkan studi pustaka terhadap literatur akademik, dokumen resmi, dan laporan media yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian awal. Kerangka analisis dibangun melalui neorealisme ofensif dan geopolitik shatterbelt. Temuan artikel menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan Turki tidak dapat dipahami semata-mata sebagai bantuan rekonstruksi pascakonflik. Keterlibatan tersebut merupakan strategi keamanan yang diarahkan untuk mengendalikan dampak kekosongan kekuasaan di Suriah, menekan ancaman kelompok bersenjata Kurdi, mempertahankan zona penyangga di perbatasan, memengaruhi susunan keamanan baru Suriah, serta membuka kembali jalur ekonomi kawasan. Dalam perspektif neorealisme ofensif, Turki memaksimalkan pengaruhnya sebelum aktor lain mengisi ruang strategis yang ditinggalkan rezim Assad. Dalam perspektif geopolitik, Suriah pasca-Assad memperlihatkan ciri shatterbelt karena menjadi ruang rapuh tempat kepentingan lokal, regional, dan eksternal bertemu. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa rekonstruksi keamanan Suriah bagi Turki adalah bagian dari strategi pertahanan jauh ke depan yang menggabungkan kepentingan keamanan nasional, pengaruh regional, dan stabilisasi kawasan.


References


Al Jazeera. (2016, April 23). Syria death toll: UN envoy estimates 400,000 killed. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/4/23/syria-death-toll-un-envoy-estimates-400000-killed

Al Jazeera. (2022, February 24). Russian forces launch full-scale invasion of Ukraine. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/putin-orders-military-operations-in-eastern-ukraine-as-un-meets

Al Jazeera. (2023a, March 15). Twelve years on from the beginning of Syria’s war. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/15/twelve-years-on-from-the-beginning-of-syrias-war

Al Jazeera. (2023b, May 7). Arab League brings Syria back into its fold after 12 years. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/7/arab-league-agrees-to-bring-syria-back-into-its-fold

Al Jazeera. (2024, December 9). Russia gave asylum to deposed Syrian President al-Assad, Kremlin confirms. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/9/russia-gave-asylum-to-deposed-syrian-president-al-assad-kremlin-confirms

Amin, K., Sarmila, L. J., & Al Farauqi, I. M. D. A. (2024). Dari pintu terbuka ke repatriasi: Pergeseran kebijakan Turki terhadap pengungsi Suriah. JISPO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 14(2). https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jispo/index

Aydogan, M. (2025, May 21). Türkiye calls on global community to scale up support for Syria’s reconstruction. Anadolu Ajansi. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkiye-calls-on-global-community-to-scale-up-support-for-syrias-reconstruction/3575603

Bagis, H., & Ergocun, G. (2025, July 7). Turkish business world shifts focus to Syria’s recovery. Anadolu Ajansi. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkish-business-world-shifts-focus-to-syria-s-recovery/3624348

BBC. (2024a, December 9). Pemberontak HTS kuasai Damaskus, rumah Assad dijarah warga: Apa yang terjadi di Suriah? https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cx2vv9rp3dlo

BBC. (2024b, December 13). Syria in maps: Who controls the country now Assad has gone? https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2ex7ek9pyeo

Cohen, S. B. (2015). Geopolitics: The geography of international relations (3rd edn). Rowman & Littlefield.

Daily Sabah. (2024, December 9). Türkiye launches diplomatic blitz for future of Syria after Assad. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkiye-launches-diplomatic-blitz-for-future-of-syria-after-assad

Daily Sabah. (2025a, May 12). Türkiye urges stronger global support for Syria’s reconstruction. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/turkiye-urges-stronger-global-support-for-syrias-reconstruction

Daily Sabah. (2025b, August 14). Türkiye says will help Syria with weapons systems, equipment. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkiye-says-will-help-syria-with-weapons-systems-equipment/news

Daily Sabah. (2025c, September 11). Türkiye begins military training, support for Syrian army. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkiye-begins-military-training-support-for-syrian-army/news

Daily Sabah. (2025d, December 8). Türkiye, Syria expand cooperation in emergency reform, reconstruction. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/turkiye-syria-expand-cooperation-in-emergency-reform-reconstruction/news

Dincel, S. (2024, December 8). Türkiye acting carefully to ensure Daesh/ISIS, PKK terrorists do not exploit post-regime Syria: Foreign minister. Anadolu Ajansi. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkiye-acting-carefully-to-ensure-daesh-isis-pkk-terrorists-do-not-exploit-post-regime-syria-foreign-minister/3418087

El-Khaldi, A., & al-Aswad, H. (2024, December 8). Syrian rebels defeat Assad after 14 years of war. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/syrian-rebels-defeat-assad-after-14-years-war

Evans, D., & Al-Khalidi, S. (2013, March 18). From teenage graffiti to a country in ruins: Syria’s two years of rebellion. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-uprising/from-teenage-graffiti-to-a-country-in-ruins-syrias-two-years-of-rebellion-idUSBRE92G06420130317/

Gumrukcu, T. (2025, June 4). Turkey backing Syria’s military and has no immediate withdrawal plans, defence minister says. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-backing-syrias-military-has-no-immediate-withdrawal-plans-defence-2025-06-04

Ibrahim, N., & Kent, L. (2024, December 16). Assad says he didn’t plan to flee Syria, according to presidency Telegram account. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/12/16/middleeast/syria-bashar-assad-statement-intl

Kaplan, R. D. (2009). The revenge of geography. Foreign Policy, 172, 96–105.

Kösebalaban, H. (2020). Transformation of Turkish foreign policy toward Syria: The return of securitization. Middle East Critique, 29(3), 335–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2020.1770450

Koseoglu, S. (2019, October 8). Will Turkey succeed in creating a “safe zone” for Syrians? Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/8/will-turkey-succeed-in-creating-a-safe-zone-for-syrians

Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.

Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2016). Practical research: Planning and design. Pearson.

Levant 24. (2025, October 14). Turkish-Syrian businessmen forum opens new horizons for industrial cooperation. https://levant24.com/news/2025/10/turkish-syrian-businessmen-forum-opens-new-horizons-for-industrial-cooperation

Luerdi. (2021). Intervensi Turki dalam krisis Suriah (2011-2014). International Society, 3. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/h4xwt

Mackinder, H. J. (1904). The geographical pivot of history. The Geographical Journal, 23(4), 421–437.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. W. W. Norton.

Middle East Eye. (2023, October 7). Palestinian attack on Israel: What we know. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-attack-israel-what-we-know

Middle East Eye. (2025, April 1). Turkey moves to take control of Syria’s strategic T4 air base: Sources. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-moves-take-control-syrias-strategic-t4-air-base-sources

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th edn). SAGE Publications.

Morgenthau, H. J., & Thompson, K. W. (1978). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace (6th edn). Alfred A. Knopf.

Mustaqim, A. H. (2025, November 10). Turki buka koridor perdagangan darat bersejarah ke Yordania dan Suriah, integrasi Timur Tengah menguat? Sindo News. https://international.sindonews.com/read/1642517/43/turki-buka-koridor-perdagangan-darat-bersejarah-ke-yordania-dan-suriah-integrasi-timur-tengah-menguat-1762758678

North Press. (2025, June 4). Turkey says no immediate plans to withdraw troops from Syria. https://npasyria.com/en/126383/

Petkova, M. (2020, October 1). What has Russia gained from five years of fighting in Syria? Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/1/what-has-russia-gained-from-five-years-of-fighting-in-syria

Poetra Phoenna, R., Purnama, C., & Dermawan, W. (2023). Peran nasional Rusia terhadap konflik Suriah (2015-2020). Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25262

Prensa Latina. (2024, October 7). Hezbollah reaffirms support for Palestine a year after Al-Aqsa Flood. https://www.plenglish.com/news/2024/10/07/hezbollah-reaffirms-support-for-palestine-a-year-after-al-aqsa-flood/

Reuters. (2025, August 14). Turkey to help Syria with weapon systems, equipment under new accord, source says. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-help-syria-with-weapon-systems-equipment-under-new-accord-source-says-2025-08-14/

Soylu, R. (2024, December 8). What’s next for Turkey in Syria? Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/whats-next-turkey-syria

Stein, A. (2014, December 11). The origins of Turkey’s buffer zone in Syria. War on the Rocks. https://warontherocks.com/2014/12/the-origins-of-turkeys-buffer-zone-in-syria/

Sugandhi. (2025). Between borders and policies: Turkey’s evolving approach to the Syrian refugee crisis. Karadeniz Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.71233/kared.1669919

Tempo. (2024, December 12). Situasi Suriah setelah kekuasaan Bashar al-Assad roboh. https://www.tempo.co/internasional/situasi-suriah-setelah-kekuasaan-bashar-al-assad-roboh-1180517

Türkiye Today. (2025, October 30). Syrian military units begin training at Turkish facilities. https://www.turkiyetoday.com/region/syrian-military-units-begin-training-at-turkish-facilities-3209216

Waltz, K. N. (2001). Man, the state and war (3rd edn). Columbia University Press.

Wei, M. (2019). Turkish foreign policy towards the Syrian crisis: Dynamics of transformation. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 13(3), 462–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2019.1630573




DOI: https://doi.org/10.52447/gij.v10i2.9684

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Editorial Office of Global Insight Journal:

Fakultas Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Ilmu Sosial

Gedung UTA'45 Jakarta Lantai 4

Jl. Sunter Permai Raya, Jakarta 14350