Tata Kelola Sampah Perkotaan dengan Model Co-creation di Kota Surabaya

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas model co-creation dalam tata kelola sampah perkotaan di Surabaya menggunakan kerangka DART (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment, Transparency). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Surabaya memiliki keberhasilan signifikan dalam co-creation di tingkat mikro, didukung oleh Dialogue yang kuat melalui Kader Lingkungan dan Access memadai terhadap Bank Sampah. Namun, analisis menunjukkan adanya kegagalan sistemik yang menghambat transisi ke co-creation strategis. Kesenjangan utama ditemukan pada Dialogue yang bersifat asimetris (mengabaikan sektor informal dan lemahnya negosiasi Extended Producer Responsibility dengan produsen) dan Transparency yang hanya terbatas pada data operasional mikro, sementara data komposisi sampah residu dan kontrak finansial TPA tidak transparan. Risiko sistemik (Risk Assessment) terhadap kapasitas TPA dan risiko kesehatan pemulung juga belum diinternalisasi sepenuhnya dalam kebijakan. Untuk mencapai tata kelola berkelanjutan, Pemkot Surabaya harus mentransformasikan DART menjadi model yang inklusif: melembagakan Dialogue multi-stakeholder yang setara, meningkatkan Access digital untuk mengurangi biaya partisipasi, menggunakan Transparency data residu untuk akuntabilitas produsen, dan menginternalisasi Risk Assessment pemulung. Kesimpulannya, Surabaya harus beralih dari co-creation mobilisasi komunitas menjadi co-creation kebijakan yang berbasis data.

Abstract

This study analyzes the effectiveness of the co-creation model in urban waste management in Surabaya using the DART (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment, Transparency) framework. The results show that Surabaya has had significant success in co-creation at the micro level, supported by strong dialogue through environmental cadres and adequate access to waste banks. However, the analysis reveals systemic failures that hinder the transition to strategic co-creation. The main gaps are found in the asymmetric nature of the dialogue (ignoring the informal sector and weak negotiations with producers under Extended Producer Responsibility) and transparency, which is limited to micro-operational data, while residual waste composition data and landfill financial contracts are not transparent. Systemic risks (risk assessments) regarding landfill capacity and scavenger health risks have also not been fully internalized in policy. To achieve sustainable governance, the Surabaya City Government must transform DART into an inclusive model: institutionalizing equitable multi-stakeholder dialogue, increasing digital access to reduce participation costs, using residual data transparency for producer accountability, and internalizing scavenger risk assessments. In conclusion, Surabaya must shift from community mobilization co-creation to data-driven policy co-creation.