Komunikasi sebagai Katalis Membangun Resiliensi pada Individu dan Komunitas : Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis
Abstract
Tinjauan pustaka sistematis ini menyajikan mengenai peran komunikasi dalam membangun ketahanan, baik pada tingkat individu maupun komunitas. Dengan menggunakan protokol PRISMA, penelitian ini mengungkap 53 artikel ilmiah yang secara eksplisit menguraikan hubungan antara komunikasi dan resiliensi, dipublikasikan antara tahun 2016 hingga 2023 di jurnal berbahasa Inggris. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk menjawab tiga pertanyaan utama: penelitian karakteristik komunikasi-resiliensi, peran komunikasi dalam mendukung individu menghadapi stres dan trauma, serta kontribusi komunikasi dalam memperkuat ketahanan kolektif dalam komunitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai media informasi, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme utama dalam proses adaptasi psikososial, pembentukan makna, dukungan emosional, serta pemulihan. Pada tingkat individu, komunikasi berperan dalam memperkuat identitas, membentuk harapan, serta memfasilitasi ekspresi dan pengelolaan emosi yang sehat. Pada tingkat komunitas, komunikasi mendorong partisipasi warga, membangun jaringan dukungan sosial dan kerelawanan, serta memperkuat koordinasi respons dalam situasi krisis. Kajian ini juga mengungkap bahwa konteks penelitian masih didominasi oleh negara-negara maju, khususnya Amerika Serikat, sehingga diperlukan kontribusi yang lebih luas dari wilayah Global South untuk memperkaya perspektif lokal dalam sastra global. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa komunikasi adalah kunci dalam membangun ketahanan yang berkelanjutan, dan memberikan dasar konsep bagi pengembangan strategi komunikasi dalam penanganan krisis dan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52447/promedia.v11i1.8254
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